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Shades of Threat: Racial Identity as a Moderator of Stereotype Threat

University of California at Berkeley

Joshua Aronson

New York University

Moises Salinas

Central Connecticut State University

This study investigated Black racial identity attitudes as a moderator of intellectual performance in potentially stereotype threatening situations. Ninety-eight African American students were randomly assigned to one of three stereotype threatening conditions: low threat, medium threat, or high threat. Analyses confirmed a stereotype threat effect with participants performing significantly better on the task in the low threat condition. Additional analyses of the test takers’ racial identity profiles under high and low threat conditions revealed a significant interaction between Internalization status attitudes and the type of threat condition. In the low stereotype threat condition, Internalization status attitudes moderated performance on the intellectual task (i.e., items from the verbal section of the GRE). In this condition, after controlling for SAT verbal score, students who strongly endorsed Internalization racial identity attitudes correctly solved more items than students who did not identify as strongly with Internalization status attitudes. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Key Words: racial identity • stereotype threat • academic performance • academic achievement

Journal of Black Psychology, Vol. 32, No. 4, 399-417 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0095798406292464


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